Overview. Equal protection is the principle that a governing body may not exclude individuals from the protection afforded by the laws that it enacts and enforces. An individual is required to be treated in the same manner as others who are in comparable conditions and circumstances by the governing body of the state.
What is the origin of the phrase “equal protection of the law”?
Article 14 of our Indian constitution, which was based on section 1 of the 14th Amendment Act of the United States Constitution, guarantees all citizens “equal protection of the law.” This provision was adopted from the US Constitution. The phrase “equal protection of the law” has a specific meaning in this context, and it indicates that legal protection would be provided to any individual who resides within the borders of India.
Quiz on the definition of “equal protection under the law”
The concept that the laws of a state or of the nation must treat any particular individual in the same manner that it would treat other individuals who are in comparable situations and circumstances is given legal weight by the Equal Protection Clause.
What does “equal protection” mean in practice?
For instance, a state is not permitted to outlaw marriages between people of different races and cannot refuse a couple custody of their children on the grounds that they are of different races. In addition, as was stated previously, any legislation that mandate racial segregation would be deemed to be in violation of the Constitution.
What does it mean to have equal protection under the law and before the law?
That the law does not discriminate on the basis of birth, status, gender, or any other human traits is the meaning of this phrase. Therefore, those with privileges, those with less privileges, and those without privileges are all equal before the law. When someone is said to have equal protection under the law, it signifies that they are afforded equal opportunity under the law regardless of their circumstances or conditions.
What does this imply quizlet What does the equal protection clause say?
Where exactly is the “equal protection clause” in the Constitution? What does this point to exactly? The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution It indicates that no state shall refuse any individual within its authority the equal protection of the laws, and that this provision shall apply to all persons.
The Equal Protection Clause: Why Was It Created?
The “equal protection clause,” which states that a state “shall not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws,” was unmistakably written with the intention of preventing state governments from discriminating against African-American citizens. Over the course of the decades, this clause would become an important factor in a number of landmark civil rights cases.
What is an Equal Protection Clause violation?
A violation of the law would take place, for instance, if a state made it illegal for an individual to engage into a contract for work on the grounds that they belonged to a certain racial group. It is not the intention of the provision to create equality among persons or classes; rather, it is simply designed to promote equity in the execution of the law.
What constitutes an equal protection claim, exactly?
Since then, the equal protection clause has been expanded beyond just racial constructs, and it is now interpreted more broadly to prohibit discrimination against individuals in general, including discrimination based on sex, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, and alienage. In other words, it now prohibits discrimination on all of these grounds.
What is an illustration of equality before the law?
Example: If a normal person or a government official kills someone, they will both be prosecuted in the same manner on both of them and the provision of punishment will also be the same, which means that the same law will apply to both of them in the same manner. If the provision of punishment is also the same, then this indicates that the provision of punishment will also be the same.
Is the right to equality before the law and equal protection under the law unquestionable?
“The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India,” it says in Article 14 of the constitution. “The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law.” This ensures that everyone who resides inside India’s borders is afforded the same level of respect and protection under the law. that things of equal value will be handled in the same manner.
What does the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause state?
There shall be no state that shall make or enforce any law that shall in any way abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall any state deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Neither shall any state make or enforce any law that shall in any way abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.
What was the equal protection clause’s original purpose, exactly?
The Equal Protection Clause applies in a direct and explicit manner to the actions of state and municipal governments. E. The Equal Protection Clause was initially enacted with the intention of ensuring that all people were afforded the same legal protections in the aftermath of the Civil War.
Which of the following standard tests is used the most frequently in equal protection cases?
NOTE FOR EXAMINATION Both the freedom to travel and the right to vote are among the fundamental rights that are put to the test most frequently in the domain of equal protection.
What is a review of equal protection?
When reviewing laws that discriminate against nonsuspect classes, such as economic classifications as well as classifications based on age, wealth, or mental incapacity, this standard of review is utilized as the criterion for evaluation.
What three categories are recognized by the Equal Protection Clause?
Let’s begin by taking a look at the three different types of scrutiny that can be used to situations involving equal protection and due process: (1) Rational Basis Review, (2) Intermediate Scrutiny, and (3) Strict Scrutiny.
The Equal Protection Clause was established when?
The provision known as the “Equal Protection Clause” may be found in the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. It was in 1868 when this paragraph was ratified, and it states that “nor shall any Statedeny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”
What distinguishes due process from equal protection?
Because of the equal protection principle, the state government is prohibited from implementing any criminal legislation that are discriminatory in a manner that is illogical and unjustifiable. The due process clause of the Fifth Amendment bans the federal government from engaging in discrimination if that prejudice is so unreasonable that it runs counter to the requirements of due process of law.
Which of the following claims about the Equal Protection Clause is accurate?
In reference to the equal protection provision, which of the following claims is true? In accordance with the equal protection provision, the states are prohibited from engaging in discrimination that is unjustifiably directed at a certain group or class of people.
Do laws protect human rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which was the first legal declaration of its kind, was approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. It was the first statement of its kind to outline the fundamental human rights that should be universally guaranteed. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which turns 70 in 2018, is still used as the basis for all international human rights law.
What region of the U.S. Constitution mandates that states guarantee all citizens equal protection under the law.
Terms included in this group (13)
According to the 14th Amendment, it is illegal for any state to exclude any individual from the equal protection of the law. The equal protection analysis is what decides whether or not a state is allowed to distinguish between individuals according to the constitution.
What justifies the inclusion of the equal protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment quizlet?
What were the motivations behind including the equal protection provision in the Fourteenth Amendment? It cut down on the effectiveness of Black Codes that were already in place.
What privileges do I have as a citizen?
However, U.S. citizens are the only people who are eligible to exercise certain rights, such as the right to vote, the right to apply for jobs with the federal government, the right to run for elected office, the right to obtain a U.S. passport, and the right to not be denied readmission into this country.
Quizlet: How do the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses Relate?
The concept of due process refers to the administration of justice; as a result, the due process provision serves as a protection against the arbitrary taking of a person’s life, liberty, or property by the government without the authority of the law. In the United States Constitution, the provision known as the “Equal Protection Clause” may be found in the fourteenth amendment.
What are America’s three main categories of inequality?
Income inequality, wealth inequality, and opportunity inequality are the three manifestations of inequality. The anticipation of uneven results serves as an incentive for individual work and, as a result, can play a useful part in the functioning of the economy.
In cases based on gender and legitimacy, which equal protection standard is used?
Intermediate scrutiny is more stringent than the rational basis test but less rigorous than severe scrutiny, as one may infer from the names of the two types of inspection. Equal protection challenges to gender classifications, as well as some issues involving the First Amendment, often call for the application of intermediate scrutiny.
What constitutes an equal protection claim, exactly?
In light of subsequent developments, the equal protection principle is today understood in a broader sense to prevent discrimination against persons in general. This includes discrimination on the basis of sex, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, religion, or alienage.
What two criteria does the Supreme Court use to decide cases involving equal protection?
When making decisions about issues involving equal protection, courts frequently use criteria known as the logical basis test and the rigorous scrutiny test.
Where can you find the equal protection clause?
The Fourteenth Amendment deals with a wide variety of issues pertaining to citizenship and the rights of citizens. The term “equal protection of the laws” is the one that is invoked the most in the amendment, and it is also the one that is challenged the most. This phrase has played a significant role in a broad range of important cases, including Brown v. Board of Education.
How is equal protection analysis conducted?
Equal Protection Analysis
- Exists a classification that is biased? Make sure there is a classification that discriminates against a specific individual or group of individuals.
- What standard of scrutiny is used?
- Does the classification meet the necessary standard of scrutiny?
Why is treating everyone equally important?
If everyone in a community is given the same treatment, then everyone ought to be able to collaborate and find solutions to issues, as well as feel secure and cared for. A significant component of human rights is also ensuring that all persons are treated on an equal basis. Therefore, regardless of the specific circumstances of an individual’s life, that person should always be treated with respect, decency, and compassion.
What do you mean by equal protection under the law and before the law?
Article 14 of the Indian Constitution contains the terms “equality before the law” and “equal protection of the law.” These phrases guarantee that no Indian citizen will be treated unfairly in the application or enforcement of any law, regardless of the grounds for the discrimination.
How was the Constitution altered by the Equal Protection Clause?
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which was enacted in 1868, provided citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States; this included formerly enslaved people. Additionally, this amendment promised “equal protection of the laws” for all citizens. One of the three amendments to the Constitution that were ratified during the time of Reconstruction in order to outlaw slavery and…
What is needed for equal protection in the classroom?
A free and appropriate public education is guaranteed to every child who resides in the United States of America. In addition, the Constitution mandates that all children, regardless of their socioeconomic status, color, ethnicity, religion, or gender, as well as whether they are citizens or non-citizens, must be provided with equal access to educational opportunities.
What does the Philippines’ equal protection clause mean?
The equal protection of the law provision protects individuals from being subjected to unjust favoritism, hostile discrimination, or the oppression of inequality. Additionally, it prohibits individual or class privilege.
In plain English, what are fundamental rights?
The United States Supreme Court has identified a subset of rights known as fundamental rights as those that must be afforded an especially high level of protection against infringement by the government. These rights are either expressly outlined in the Constitution (particularly in the Bill of Rights), or they have been established via the application of the Due Process Clause.
What is the Constitution’s position on equality of rights?
There shall be no state that shall make or enforce any law that shall in any way abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall there be any state that shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall any state deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Quiz: What is protected by the Equal Protection Clause?
It makes it illegal for legislation to unilaterally discriminate against individuals or favor certain groups of people over others in an unreasonable or unfair manner.